![]() ![]() ![]() Interpretationĭuring the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) era (2000–15), numerous organisations comprehensively described global progress in reducing child and neonatal mortality (MDG 4), but the early Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) period has seen few comparable efforts to track progress and none to date have attempted to quantify the preventable portion of child mortality (SDG 3.2). The global optimum analysis suggests NMR could be reduced to as low as 0♸0 (95% UI 0♷1–0♸6) deaths per 1000 livebirths and U5MR to 1♴4 (95% UI 1♲7–1♵8) deaths per 1000 livebirths, and in 2019, there were as many as 1♸7 million (95% UI 1♳5–2♵8 37% ) of 5♰5 million more deaths of children younger than 5 years than the survival potential frontier. Neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years in 2019, followed by lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, congenital birth defects, and malaria. NMR and U5MR were generally higher in males than in females, although there was no statistically significant difference at the global level. Deaths of children younger than 5 years totalled 9♶5 million (95% UI 9♰5–10♳0) in 2000 and 5♰5 million (4♲7–6♰2) in 2019, with the neonatal fraction of these deaths increasing from 39% (3♷6 million ) in 2000 to 48% (2♴2 million 2♰6–2♸6) in 2019. In 2019, 136 (67%) of 204 countries had a U5MR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an NMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold, and the reference scenario suggests that by 2030, 154 (75%) of all countries could meet the U5MR targets, and 139 (68%) could meet the NMR targets. ![]() Global U5MR decreased from 71♲ deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval 68♳–74♰) in 2000 to 37♱ (33♲–41♷) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28♰ deaths per 1000 live births (26♸–29♵) in 2000 to 17♹ (16♳–19♸) in 2019. The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific.The Lancet Regional Health – Southeast Asia. ![]()
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